Governor for internal combustion engines



Dec. 12, 1939. J. WEBER El 4. H 2,183,035

GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL CQMBUSTIO N ENGINES I Filed July 14,- 193 2Sheets-Sheet 1 6 stop? 6 I v ,/-4 1 O I ,/12 11 7 H A 7 199.3 B K f4- I18 i 4 z ix? 5 2 v .I 6 I I I N 11 a final/W Dec. 12, 1939. WEBERv AL I2,183,035

GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July 14, I936 2Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 12, 1939 I I GOVERNOR FOR INTERNALCOMBUSTIO ENGINES Johannes Weber, Stuttgart-Feuerbach, and HansHeinrich, Stuttgart, Germany, assignors to Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mitbeschrankter Haftung, Stuttgart, Germany Application July 14, 1936,Serial No. 90,588

In Germany July 29, 1935 12 Claims. (o 23-140) The present inventionrelates to governors for is opened through which the excess pressure caninternal combustion engines operating with inescape.

jection of liquid fuel and more particularly to Various forms ofconstruction are shown by governors of the type in which the member thatway of example in the accompanying drawings,

controls the injection amount, i. e., the quantity in which- 5 of fuelinjected per injection is adjusted during Figure 1 shows an arrangementin which the normal working in dependence on the vacuum in connection ofthe branch pipe is operated by the induction pipe of the engine. 4 thedriver The object of the invention is to provide a Figures 2 and 3 showexamples of an autogovernor of the type set forth which is adapted tomatically operated branch pipe. 10 check or prevent unintentionalreverse running Figure 4 is an example of another arrangement of theengine.- of the branch pipe.

The pneumatic governors for controlling the Figure 5 shows anarrangement'having the injection amount in internal combustion engines,branch pipe built into the governor casing, and

16 whose governor chamber is connected to the air Figure 6 a similarconstruction.

induction pipe of the engine, are dependent in In the casing I of aninjection pump of known their working on the direction of the current inconstruction the cam shaft 2 drives the pump this pipe, if thearrangement of the induction pipe pistons 3, which are rotatable abouttheir axes producing the governing vacuum and the conby means of atoothed rackbar 4, and provided 0 nection of the governor chamber tothis inducwith an oblique e Control, and can deliver tion pipe does notdeliver the same or similar according to t e de of he an a adjuspressures on a reversal of the air current as in ment a variable amountof fuel into the cylinthe direction of current in the induction pipederS d elh Cg bu ion enging lfotge during ordinary working. It mayhappen, for goverhe e reckbal c h adjuste Y e example, in vehicle motorswhen on a steep pist 5 of a p at governor 6, inthe chemascent that thevehicle may run backwards, and h rs I an 8 of whi h diff rent pre re y pthe engine starts to run in the reverse direction, vei T e vern ch m r 7i connec d y a whereby the engine would exhaust the c linder p 9 t h ndut n pip Ill f the n charge into the induction pipe and produce an and aspr n H in t governing ha b tends excess pressure in this latter. Thisexcess presto displace t Piston 5 and t e controlling rod 30 sure wouldbe transmitted to the pneumatic'gov- 4 in the direction 0f the injectionp p 80 as ernor independently of the adjustment of the to increase eamount of fuel- The Vacuum throttle-valve, break the vacuum in thegovernxi in t induction p p W du in normal ing chamber and assist thereturning force in running f e engine s transmitted through the thegovernor tending to adjust the controlling P p 9 110 the governorChamber and as the 35 member to full load. With the throttle valvechamber 3 o te t t e a osp closed, the excess pressure produced by thecylinthrough the Opening t e e ce in P sder charge would be quicklytransferred to the sure between the two be act n o h pneumatic governor,which would t adjust t piston 5 can move the controlling rod 4 to the accontrolling rod to full load. The excess pressure against 3 actiof} ifhti H 40 acting on the pneumatic governor may, in this a callse a e h eamoun o ue incase, become so strong that it would no longer lecthd mmthe engmebe possible for the driver, by overcoming this If h h for x f hehgmh changes excess pressure, to pull the governor and the conh of hhthe chrreht howmg trolling rod by quick action into the stop posi- 9cyhnders durmg normal workmg m 45 tion. The consequence of this would bethat the dlrectlon the arrow A changes its m h the driver has of coursein the and the cylinder contents now exhausting from w the engine in thedirection of the arrow B promeanfume disconnected from the dnvmg wheelsduce an excess pressure in the induction pipe by chsehgagmg the clutchor the gears would and in the chamber '5 connected with the inducracehncohtrohedtion pipe by the pipe 9, and this pressure may be In Order130 be able t0 relilOVe thls drawback, as great as or greater than theatmospheric according to the invention, when an excess prespressure Treturn spring H a t excess sure occurs in the pipe leading from theinducpressure in the governor chamber reinforcing its tion pipe to thegovernor chamber, a branch pipe action, can then without hindrance movethe con- I a few reverse revolutions of the engine.

trolling rod in the direction of full load adjustment. The driver will,of course, endeavour to pull the controlling rod 4 into the stopposition by means of a stopping lever i3 acting in known manner on thepiston 5 and which he can operate from the dashboard, but he will notbegin to do this until he has noticed the reverse running of the enginewhich with the excess pressure in the governing chamber produced by thereverse running of the engine, together with the pressure of the springII, has become very great even after This is explained by thecircumstance that the throttlevalve l2 in the induction pipe is keptclosed by the driven in order entirely to cut off the feed of fuel whenthe vehicle'begins to run in the reverse direction. The excess pressureproduced in the induction pipe by the cylinder contents can thereforenot escape in the direction of the induction pipe, so that it acts inits full strength on the piston in the governor chamber. The driver canthen no longer overcome the excess pressure on the piston 5 by thestopping lever I3, so that the engine runs uncontrolled.

According to the invention, a port or opening I4 leading into the openair is arranged in the pipe 9 that connects the governor chamber to theinduction pipe in, and this opening is opened by a valve l5 when theengine begins to run in reverse. In the construction shown in Figure 1,the valve I5 is adjustable by hand in such a way that when the engineunintentionally begins to run in the reverse direction, the driver canby operating the valve at once interrupt the connection between thepneumatic governor casing 8 and the induction pipe l0, and connect thegovernor-chamber 1 with the atmosphere in such a way that any excesspressure that may exist in this chamber escapes into the atmosphere. Asu table mode of operating the valve l5 can be obtained by its adjustinglever I6 being coupled tothe stopping rod I! by an extension Ila. Thisarrangement has the advantage that the valve is operated even on thestoppage of the engine during ordinary running, and the port Id openedfor the quick emptying of the chamber 1. The valve l5 thus remainsalways ready for operation in the comparatively very rare cases ofunintentional starting in the reverse direction. A clearance or lostmotion is provided between the stopping device I 3 and the piston 5,when the latter is in thefull load position, the piston-and the controlrod or rack bar i normally being held against further movement to theright by suitable stop means, not shown. This clearance or lost motionis sufficiently large to enable the valve 55 in the stopping operationto cut off the pipe 9 from the induction pipe l0 and open the port M toatmosphere, before the stopping device I? comes to bear on the piston 5.

In the construction shown in Figure 2, an automatically-acting excesspressure valve l5a is arranged in the pipe 9, through which valve excesspressure occurring in the pipe 9 and governing chamber 1 due toreversalv of the engine can escape into the atmosphere, so that thedriver can pull the controlling rod 4 into the stop position by means ofthe stopping device Hi, the air escaping from the governor chamberthrough the throttle opening 1a and if required also by the valve 15a.

In order entirely to avoid the transfer of an excess pressure to thechamber 1 of the pneumatic governor when the unintentional reverserunning begins, a non-return valve l8 with an aisaoss excess pressurevalve |5b can be arranged in the pipe 9, as shown in Figure 3. Thisnon-return valve I 8 consists of a ball-valve, which during the ordinaryrunning of the engine is kept'open by the vacuum in the pipe 9, butwhich on the change in the direction of flow in the reduction pipe II isat once closed by the excess pressure. The excess pressure valve l5b isdirectly combined with the non-return valve l8. It consists of a lightspringloaded ball-valve, which opens a port H to the atmosphere as soonas the pressure in the pipe 9 closes the valve IS. The valves l5b and I8can open the port H to the outside even during normal working when thepiston 5 is moved into the "stop position.

A throttle opening '!a leading to the atmosphere from the chamber 1 isarranged in the easing 6 of the governor, through which opening a strongvacuum in this chamber can be equalised. In such cases where, forinstance in going down hill, a strong vacuum is produced in the chamber1, the valve I 8 will keep this chamber closed, so that the controllingrod 4 drawn to the stop position against the spring ll could even thenno longer be moved when the engine is again to run under full power.Even the opening of the throttle-valve I2 could change nothing in thiscondition because the valve I8 is held closed by the vacuum in thechamber 1. Lower vacua which cause an increase in the fuel feed couldthen no longer act on the piston 5 if the small opening 1a were notpresent through which air passes from the outside into the governorchamber l and gradually breaks the vacuum.

According to a further feature of the invention, the excess pressure inthe induction pipe I 0 can, on the change in the direction of rotation,be transferred to the other side of the piston 5 and conveyed by meansof a branch pipe 8 9 (Figure 4) into the chamber 8, so that it results,like the vacuum does in the chamber 1, in a reduction of the fuel amountand a throttling of the engine.

In the construction shown in Figure 4, a branch pipe l9 from the pipe 9is connected by a threeway cook 20 to the chamber 8 of the pneumaticgovernor 6. By means of the cock 2%! the chamber I can be cut off fromthe induction pipe, and in its place the chamber 8 connected to theinduc tion pipe. When a change in the direction of rotation of theengine takes place the three-way cock 20 can be adjusted such as byrotating it from the dashboard.

In the construction shown in Figure 5, the branch pipe lBa is located inthe cylinder wall of the pneumatic governor 6. In this simpleconstruction, closure valves 2! and 22 serve for controlling the pipes 9and l9a. A ball-valve 2i for example so arranged in front of the openingof the pipe 9 that the ball keeps the opening open during the ordinaryworking condition of a vacuum, but closes the opening when an excesspressure occurs. In the branch pipe lBa a, ballvalve 22 acts in theopposite direction, in that the ball is raised from its seat, on whichit is pressed by a spring 23, when an excess pressure occurs in the pipe9.

An example of construction working without a spring 23 is shown inFigure 6, in which the closure members, for instance balls 2| and 22 areprovided in pipes 8a and I911 arranged in 2- form. When an excesspressure occurs in the induction pipe ID, the opening of the pipe 9acloses and the ball in the branch pipe |9a opens the passage to thechamber 8, which is connected to the atmosphere by a throttle opening841.

We declare that what we claim is:

1. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a control member, means including aconnection for connecting said control member to, and making it subjectto the vacuum in, the inducticn pipe of the engine, said control memberbeing adapted to control the fuel injection amount, and valve means insaid connection operable to prevent an abnormal pressure from beingsupplied to, said control member in the direction for increasing thefuel injection amount.

2. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of fuel, a chamber, a conduit leading from said chamberand connected with the induction pipe of.

the engine and a movable member in said chamber subject to the vacuumtransmitted from the induction pipe by said conduit and adapted togovern the fuel injection amount, and valve means in said conduitoperable to prevent an abnormal pressure frombeing transmitted by saidconduit to the control member in the direction for increasing the fuelamount.

3. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber, a conduit leading from saidchamber and connected with the induction pipe of the engine and a'movable member in said chamber subject to the vacuum transmitted fromthe induction pipe by said conduit and adapted to govern the fuelinjection amount in dependence upon the induction pipe pressure, andmeans for preventing reverse running of the engine comprising a branchduct from said conduit, valve means operable to open said duct whenabnormal pressure occurs in the induction pipe and means for displacingthe movable member in the direction of decreasing the fuel amount, inthe open position ofsaid valve means. I

4. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber, a conduit leading from saidchamber and connected .with the induction pipe of the engine and amovable member in said chamber subject to the vacuum transmitted fromthe induction pipe by said conduit and adapted to govern the fuelinjection amount in dependence upon the induction pipe pressure, andmeans for preventing reverse running of the engine comprising branchduct from said conduit, valve means operable to open said duct toatmosphere when abnormal pressure occurs in the induction pipe and meansfor displacing the movable member in the direction of decreasing thefuel amount, in the open position of said valve means.

5. In a governor apparatus for, internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber, a movable member in saidchamber adapted to control the fuel injection amount, a conduit leadingfrom said chamber on one side of said movable member and connected tothe induction pipe of the engine, and a branch conduit from saidfirst-mentioned conduit leading to said chamber on the other side ofsaid movable member and valve means in said branch conduit operable toconnect the chamber on said other side of the movable member to theinduction pipe when abnormal pressure occurs in the induction p1pe.-

6. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber having a restricted openingtherein, a movable member in said chamber adapted to control the fuelinjection amount, a

conduit leading from that side of the chamber having the restrictedopening and connected to the induction pipe of the engine, anda branchconduit from said first-mentioned conduit leading to said chamber on theother side of said movable member and valve means in said branch conduitoperable to connect the chamber on said other side of the movable memberto the induction pipe when abnormal pressure occurs in the inductionpipe.

'7. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber, a movable member in saidchamber adapted to control the fuel injection amount, a conduit leadingfrom said chamber on one side of said movable member and connected tothe induction pipe of the engine, a branch conduit from saidfirst-mentioned conduit leading to said chamber on the other side ofsaid movable member and valve means in said branch conduit adapted to beautomatically opened by abnormal pressure occurring in said branchconduit to connect the chamber on said other side of the movable memberto the induction pipe when abnormal pressure occurs in the inductionpipe.

8. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber, a movable member in saidchamber adapted to control the fuel injection amount, a conduit leadingfrom said chamber on one side of said movable member to the inductionpipe of the engine, a branch conduit leading from said first-mentionedconduit and connected to atmosphere and valve means at the junction ofsaid conduits normally isolating said branch conduit from saidfirst-mentioned conduit and dividing the first-mentioned conduit intotwo portions, one leading to said induction pipe and the other to saidchamber, said valve means being operable to isolate said portion of thefirst-mentioned conduit, leading to the chamber, from the induction pipeand to connect it with said branch conduit.

9. In a governorapparatus for internal combustion engines operating withinjection of liquid fuel, the combination of a chamber, a movable memberin said chamber normally subject on one side to atmospheric pressure andadapted to control the fuel injection amount, a conduit leading fromsaid chamber on the other side of said movable member and connected tothe induction pipe of the engine normally to transmit a vacuum to saidother side of the movable member, a branch conduit leading from saidfirst-mentioned conduit to atmosphere, a control member at the junctionof said conduits operable to isolate the vacuum side of said chamberfrom the induction pipe and to connect the conduit from said chamberwith the branch conduit which is open to atmosphere, and a device forvoluntarily displacing said movable member to its stopposition, saidcontrol member and said device being coupled together so that onstopping, the vacuum side of said chamber is cut off from the inductionpipe prior to movement of said movable member into its stop position.

10. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber, a movable member in saidchamber normally subject on one side to atmospheric pressure and adaptedto control the fuel injection amount, a conduit leading from saidchamber on the other side of said movable member and connected to theinduction pipe normally to transmit a vacuum to said chamber, and atleast one non-return valve in said conduit intermediate said chamber andthe induction pipe operable automatically by increase of pressure insaid conduitto isolate the vacuum side of said chamber from theinduction pipe when an abnormal pressure occurs in the induction pipe.

11. In a. governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwith injection of liquid fuel, a chamber, a movable member in saidchamber dividing the chamber into two compartments and adapted tocontrol the fuel injection amount, conduits, one leading from eachcompartment, connected to the induction pipe of the engine, and anon-return valve in each conduit, said valves controlling said conduitsand operable by the pressures occurring therein, one of said valvesclosing and the other opening when superatmospheric pressure occurs insaid conduits and the first valve opening and the second valve closingwhen subatmospherlc pressure occurs in said conduits to connect one orthe other of said compartments with the induction pipe according to thepressure in said induction pipe.

12. In a governor apparatus for internal combustion engines operatingwithinjectlon of liquid fuel, a chamber having a conduit formed in thewall thereof and having branches leading to opposite ends of thechamber, a movable member displaceable in said chamber between thepoints at which each branch of said conduit opens into the chamber andadapted to control the fuel injection amount, a pipe connecting saidconduit with the induction pipe of the engine, and a nonreturn valve ineach branch of said conduit, said valves controlling said branchconduits and operable by the pressures occurring therein, one of saidvalves closing and the other opening when superatmospheric pressureoccurs in said branch conduits and the first valve opening and thesecond valve closing when subatmospheric pressure occurs in said branchconduits to connect one or the other end of said chamber with theinduction pipe according to the pressure in said induction pipe.

JOHANNES WEBER. HANS HEINRICH.

